The Life of the American Born

This paper inspects the life of the American conceived, Tim O'Brien and asserts the manner in which his life impacted his composing methods. William Timothy, the first of three kids, notable as Tim O'Brien is an American Veteran author, conceived on October 1, 1946, in Austin, Minnesota, United States of America (Herzog 14). He experienced childhood in Worthington, a little protected network close to the fringes of Iowa and South Dakota. He depicted himself as a clear peruser when he was youthful and had an exciting enthusiasm for books and enchantment stunt were obvious real factors on his narrating power. This can likewise be connected to his folks who were excited perusers. At the end of the day, O'Brien more likely than not took in some perusing mysteries from his folks when he was youthful. A portion of his short and charging stories incorporate, â€Å"The things they carried† just as other great books like the war novel, following Cacciato delivered in1978, which to be sure made him known best for his composing experience about Vietnam War (Raymond 102). Worthington town likewise assumed a huge job in sustaining his considerations while building up the imaginative reasonableness of his life as a creator. He went to Macalester College in 1968 and granted four year certification in Political Science. During his time in the establishment, he was chosen and filled in as the leader of the understudy's association in school. In opposition to his reactions against war, Tim O'Brien was enlisted into United States Army and afterward sent to Vietnam where he served for a long time. Following his arrival from the military help, he continued his examinations and moved on from Harvard University. He at that point worked in a matter of seconds as an assistant, national issues columnist at Washington Post up to May 1974. The war experience he picked up from his two-year battle motivated his main distribution, named If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me up and Ship Me Home. O'Brien's history obviously uncovers the downturn and wretchedness destroyed on fighters by the Vietnam War. His legendary work, the things they curried of 1990, (O'Brien 816) is a mix of journals and imaginary stories wherein he utilized the philosophical ideas of truth to peak the differentiations between two domains of the realities and the fictions in an exceptional manner (Conan 2010). He consolidated the otherworldly methodology property in his composing that seasoned the nature of his accounts. In his story, he opens the perusers to the comprehension about the differentiation between reality of a story, reality of fiction and the event truth, which is related with reality of realities. In affirming the equivalent, he acknowledges that a story truth is more connected with feeling, which are additionally associated with the sentiments of the tale of fiction. On that platform, he includes that the emotions would be progressively huge, and along these lines making the story increasingly significant. Moreover, O'Brien composed various books dependent on the war experience he got in the military of the United States. He was granted the 1979 National Book Award for his takes a shot at Northern Lights distributed in1975 and Going after Cacciato of 1978. The epic talks about two siblings against one and another as foils where a sibling joined the Vietnam war andanother fizzled (Raymond 99). Through this, the siblings figured out how to battle and fathom every one's qualities and intentions. Following his unprecedented impact of Joseph Conrad's works, he changed Conrad's ideas of human inclination for good and malevolence in his artistic works. In his works, O'Brien propounded immortal matter of the subject and its topical range. He put stock in his introversive thought, that abstract works center around the current undertakings as well as foresees what's in store for mankind, (Smith 34). Atomic Age, which was distributed in 1985 was the third O'Brien's tale of his scholarly works and depicts much from his own understanding. His aptitude in making an interesting gander at the insightful character, a youngster who was raised under a nuclear umbrella, and experienced seriously neurosis because of atomic war. As the story proceeds, he discovers comfort in a gap he delved in his terrace endeavoring to beat each idea and creative mind, which made him awkward. His imagination recorded as a hard copy approach of war mixing certainty and fiction is practically identical to other specialized war journalists like Michael Herr and propelled prominent figures, for example, Truman Capote, Norman Mailer and Tom Wolfe. Be that as it may, key components of his works incorporate the order and interest of enthusiastic topics. Attributable to this characteristics, his anecdotal works are thusly considered to have had a huge effect on the perusers of his books. Other O'Brien's zapping works are The Nuclear Age, distributed in 1985, In the Lakes of The Woods of 1994, Tomcat in Love of 1998 and July, July that was distributed in 2000, which took the universe of writing with a tempest. In a range of two years, O'Brien's short stories The things they curried, got the 1987 National Magazine Award Fiction. The epic was then designated for 1987, best American Short story. The pool of Woods frames another intriguing novel composed by O'Brien and distributed in 1994. It brought O'Brien's works into more prominent statures by upsetting much on blame, culpability, complicity and the ethical fearlessness, (Bates 265). He imagines his character John Wade, who is additionally a Vietnam veteran, trying to run for senate position. He later lost somewhat as charges on his inclusion in the Lai slaughter got mainstream during his battle field. O'Brien raises bigger requests about the aftermaths of war and its belongings, which was acknowledged after the finish of the war, all the more so when the veterans got back. He wore James Fenimire Cooper Prize from the Society of American Historians and was chosen as the best novel of 1994 by Times Magazine.His latest Novel, Tomcat in Love, O'Brien produced a Veteran Vietnam hero, Tom chippering through an adoration subject in opposition to war. O'Brien depicts this as a comic novel about a politically erroneous saint, who was provocative. He emphatically accepted that his darlings will cherish the book, and his fans, the purported addicts, the individuals who value his compositions preferred it. He suggests this was his best book ever and it took the hearts of numerous who couldn't manage without perusing the novel.In end, O'Brien has won a few esteemed honors in his numerous anecdotal works and worth being known as a veteran in the composing field. His involvement with composing the short story books are exceptionally recognized. He is an ace of imaginative narrating, a controller of artistic structure and one of the most testing creators in his time with a sufficient substance. His significant commitments incorporate the Nuclear Age, In the Lake of Woods, Tomcat in Love and July, July of 20000 More as of late, he got $100,000 with the Pritxker Military Library Literature Award. As of now, he instructs at the Texas State University-San Marcos.

Business Administration Education and Careers

Business Administration Education and Careers What Is Business Administration? Business organization includes the exhibition, the executives, and regulatory elements of business activities. Numerous organizations have various divisions and faculty that can fall under the business organization heading. Business organization can include: Account: The fund division oversees cash (both approaching and active) and other money related assets for a business.Economics: A financial analyst screens and predicts monetary trends. Human Resources: A HR office assists with overseeing human capital and advantages. They plan and direct many key managerial elements of a business.Marketing: The showcasing division creates crusades to get clients and improve brand awareness.Advertising: The publicizing office discovers approaches to advance a business or the businesss items and services.Logistics: This office attempts to get items to buyers by coordinatingâ people, offices, and supplies.Operations: A tasks supervisor administers the everyday activities of a business.Management: Managers may regulate undertakings or individuals. In a hierarchicalâ organization, administrators may workâ in low-level administration, center level administration, and top-level administration. Business Administration Education Some business organization occupations require propelled degrees; others require no degree by any stretch of the imagination. This is the reason there are a wide range of business organization training alternatives. You could profit by hands on preparing, workshops, and testament programs. Some business organization experts likewise decide to procure a partners, unhitched males, aces, or even a doctoral certificate. The instruction choice you pick ought to rely upon what you need to do in a business organization vocation. On the off chance that you need an occupation at the passage level, you might have the option to start work while you get instruction. On the off chance that you might want to work in the board or an administrative position, some conventional training might be required before an occupation arrangement. Here is a breakdown of the most well-known business organization instruction alternatives. Hands on Training: Training is given at work. Dissimilar to huge numbers of different alternatives underneath, you are normally paid for the hands on preparing and don't need to pay educational cost. Preparing time can fluctuate contingent upon the job.Continuing Education: Continuing training might be given through universities, colleges, business colleges, and other scholastic establishments. You may take courses or a short class to win proceeding with training credits or an authentication of completion.Certificate Programs: Certificate programs will in general spotlight on an unmistakable point, for example, client care or assessment bookkeeping. These projects are commonly offered through universities, colleges, business colleges, and other scholarly organizations. Educational cost is frequently less expensive for an endorsement program than it is for a degree program. The measure of time it takes to finish a program changes; most projects are one month to one year in duration.As sociates Degree in Business Administration: An Associate in Business Administration can be earned from a school, college, or business college. You should search out a certify program with an educational plan that covers points you have to know or are keen on. Most partners programs take two years to finish. Single guys Degree in Business Administration: A Bachelor in Business Administration is a base necessity for some employments in the business field. This sort of degree can be earned from a school, college, or business college and commonly takes four years of full-time study to finish. Quickened and low maintenance programs are accessible. A lone rangers program in business organization once in a while offers chances to specialize.Masters Degree in Business Administration: A Master in Business Administration, otherwise called a MBA degree, is a propelled degree alternative for business majors. A MBA may likewise be a base prerequisite for certain occupations in the business field. Quickened programs take one year to finish. Conventional MBA programs take two years to finish. Low maintenance choices are likewise accessible. Numerous individuals decide to procure this degree from a business college, however a bosses program can be found at numerous different schools and colleges with g raduate-level investigation options.Doctorate Degree in Business Administration: A doctorate or Ph.D. in Business Administration is the most noteworthy business degree that can be earned. This choice is best for understudies who are keen on instructing or seeking after field look into. A doctorate qualification by and large expects four to six years of study. Business Certifications There are various distinctive expert affirmations or assignments accessible to individuals in the business organization field. Most can be earned in the wake of finishing your instruction or in the wake of working in the field for a particular measure of time. As a rule, such confirmations are not required for work however can assist you with looking increasingly appealing and qualified to potential bosses. A few instances of business organization accreditations include: Guaranteed Business Manager (CBM): This accreditation is perfect for business generalists, MBA graduates, and non-MBA graduates who need a business credential.PMI Certifications: The Project Management Institute (PMI) offers a few confirmation alternatives for venture chiefs at all aptitude and training levels.HRCI Certifications: The Human Resources Certification Institutes offers a few affirmations for HR experts at different degrees of expertise.Certified Management Accountant: The Certified Management Accountant (CMA) qualification is granted to bookkeepers and money related experts in the business. There are a great deal of different affirmations that can be earned too. For instance, you can gain confirmations in PC programming applications that are generally utilized in business organization. Word preparing or spreadsheet related confirmations can be significant resources for individuals looking for an authoritative situation in the business field. See progressively proficient business certificationsâ that could make you increasingly attractive to employers.â Business Administration Careers Your profession choices in business organization will rely generally upon your instruction level just as your different capabilities. For instance, do you have a partners, single guys, or experts degree? Do you have any accreditations? Do you have earlier work involvement with the field? It is safe to say that you are a competent pioneer? Do you have a record of demonstrated execution? What extraordinary aptitudes do you have? These things decide if you are equipped for a particular position. All things considered, a wide range of occupations might be available to you in the business organization field. The absolute most well known choices include: Bookkeeper: Industries incorporate duty readiness, finance bookkeeping, accounting administrations, budgetary bookkeeping, bookkeeping the board, government bookkeeping, and protection accounting.Advertising Executive: Advertising officials and directors are expected to make, facilitate, and turn out promoting efforts for each kind of business that offers an item or service.Business Manager: Business chiefs are utilized by both little and enormous organizations; openings are accessible at each degree of managementfrom division boss to tasks management.Finance Officer: Finance officials can be utilized by any business that has cash coming in or going out. Positions fluctuate from passage level to management.Human Resources Manager: Government utilizes the biggest level of HR supervisors. Positions are likewise accessible in organization the board, assembling, proficient and specialized administrations, human services fields, and social assistance agencies.Management Analyst: Most admi nistration experts are independently employed. Around 20 percent work for little or enormous counseling firms. The board experts can likewise be found in government and the fund and protection businesses. Showcasing Specialist: Every business industry utilizes promoting authorities. Profession openings likewise exist with examine firms, metro associations, scholastic establishments, and government agenciesOffice Administrator: Most office directors work in instructive administrations, human services, state and nearby government, and protection. Positions additionally exist in proficient administrations and inside practically any office setting.Public Relations Specialist: Public relations pros can be found in any business industry. Many profession openings can likewise be found inside government, medicinal services, and strict and community associations.

Liberal Arts Schools with High Acceptance Rates TKG

Liberal Arts Schools with High Acceptance Rates The majority of our school specific blog posts focus on schools with an acceptance rate of less than 30%, but we decided to flip the script and put together a list of the top 100 liberal arts schools that had an acceptance rate of 35% and above for the class of 2022. Soka University of America: 37%Bryn Mawr College: 38%Macalester College: 41%Mount Holyoke College: 51%Oberlin College: 39%College of the Holy Cross: 38%Franklin and Marshall College: 35%Occidental College 37%  Union College: 38%Thomas Aquinas College: 72%Whitman College: 52%Centre College: 76%Connecticut College: 38%Gettysburg College: 45%Sewanee â€" University of the South: 47%Agnes Scott College: 66%Dickinson College 49%Furman University: 61%  Rhodes College: 51%Spelman College: 40%  DePauw University: 67%St. Lawrence University: 48%Lawrence University: 61%Wabash College: 63%Berea College: 35%St. John’s College (MD): 55% St. Olaf College: 43%Wheaton College (IL): 85%Kalamazoo College: 73%Sarah Lawrence College: 53%Co llege of Wooster: 56%  Beloit College: 54% Hobart and William Smith Colleges: 61%Knox College: 72%Lewis Clark College: 55%Illinois Wesleyan University: 61%St. John’s College (NM): 63%University of Puget Sound: 84%Wofford College: 69%Allegheny College: 68%Hendrix College: 80%Hillsdale College: 41%Transylvania University: 95%Willamette University: 89%Cornell College: 71%Earlham College: 52%Muhlenberg College: 48%Principia College: 91%Virginia Military Institute: 53%College of St. Benedict: 91%Juniata College: 71%  Wheaton College (MA): 48%Luther College: 65%Gustavus Adolphus College: 68%New College of Florida: 69%Reed College: 36%Southwestern University: 43%Ursinus College: 78%Augustana College: 59%  Bennington College: 57%College of the Atlantic: 68%  Ohio Wesleyan University: 71%St. Anslem College: 76%Saint John’s University (MN): 90%  St. Mary’s College (IN): 82% St. Mary's College of Maryland: 82%Contact us here for help with an application strategy.

Things Fall Apart Is Story Depicting - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1390 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Things Fall Apart Essay Did you like this example? Things Fall Apart is story depicting how colonization changed the culture of Igbo villages in the early 19th century through the protagonist, Okonkwo. Although Okonkwos father was a pauper, Okonkwo was a respected leader of the Umuofia clan, after he defeated Amalinze the Cat in a wrestling contest. To overcome his fathers bleak legacy, Okonkwo made sure he maintained the faade of a manly, respectable man. Over some years, the clan leaders make Okonkwo care for a war prisoner, until they decide what to do with him. Ikemefuna, the war prisoner, becomes more like a son than Okonkwos actual son, because Ikemefuna was manly like Okonkwo. The clan decided to have Okonkwo kill Ikemefuna. While Okonkwo did not want to kill Ikemefuna, his struggle to maintain respect in his clan caused him to kill Ikemefuna. His son, Nwoye, could never forgive Okonkwo for killing Ikemefuna for no other reason besides to follow the orders of the clansmen. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Things Fall Apart Is Story Depicting" essay for you Create order Afterwards, Okonkwo visits his friend Obierika in the next village. He talks to Obierika about how he has sinned for beating his wife during the Feast of the New Yams and killing Ikemefuna. After speaking about his troubles, Okonkwo seemed to be better-off going back to his village. Until Okonkwo finds out that his favorite daughter, Ezinma, is dying. The ancestors for the clan take Ezinma into a cave to get rid of her sickness. During the same time, Okonwos friend, Ezeudu dies. At the funeral for Ezeudu, Okonkwo accidentally fires his gun and shoots Ezeudu son. The clan members exile his family for seven years for his misjudgment. During the exile, Okonkwo has to start over in a new village with little to no money. The family deals with low yields of crops and no position in the new village. Due to the in-climate weather, Okonkwo had to become resourceful in the tools to grow his crops and which crops to grow. His entire family blamed him for their misfortune and kept in tune with the Umuofia clan. In the Umuofia clan, the people were beginning to notice European exploration of their land. European men casually came into the village simply for tourism and learning the customs in the beginning. However, the villagers slaughtered the Europeans based on the ancestors belief that the Europeans were bad for the village.   The missionaries came to Mbantu, the place Okonkwo is exiled to, and begins to spread Christianity to the villages. One of the new converts is Nwoye, Okonkwos son. Okonkwo disowns Nwoye for converting to the white mans culture and religious practices. Once Okonkwo returned back to Umuofia, he did not recognize the village anymore. The people were leaving their religious practices behind and converting to Christianity. The white men became the leaders of the village. The villagers would be put into a prison for disobeying the laws established by the white men. Several men fought back by burning the missionary churches and killing the European leaders. The villagers had a meeting about the men burning the church and killing the Europeans the next day. Okonkwo thought the clansmen would fall to the hands of the Europeans, so he decided to commit suicide to escape colonization. Setting and Igbo Culture   The changes from daylight to nighttime and one village to another help the reader recognize a shift in a characters mentality throughout the novel. For instance, Okonkwo did not understand how his fear ruled his life, until he was banished to the neighboring village. The change in settings also reflecting a shift in the spirit of the village. The Igbo villagers believed in spirits and ancestor worship. The clansmen looked to the ancestors to deal with issues, such as droughts and wars between villages. The colonization in the Igbo villages caused the indigenous people to lose their religious and cultural practices over time. The villagers saw the missionaries as another facet of their religious practices, but the missionaries took the empathy of the villagers as a method of taking over the village. Also, Okonkwos misunderstanding Nwoyes compassion for femininity caused a rift in their relationship. Okonkwo was considered manly, since he provided for his family, did hard work, and could fight other men. On the other hand, Nwoye was sensitive and was found of the arts. The Igbo culture did not see sensitive as an attribute a man should exhibit, so Okonkwo tried to make Nwoye change his ways. Conflict The conflict stems from the Igbo villagers being open to different cultures. The European missionaries were able to slowly take away the Igbo culture from the villagers, because they did not stand firm on their religious practices. The white man represents the African religious practices governing over the Igbo villagers. Since the Igbo people are spiritual, they believed the missionaries were there to help them. The villagers did not recognize that the missionaries were there to take away their land until it was too late. For Okonkwo, the white man represents the lack of control over his life. He has to listen to the rule of white men not of his culture. Also, the white man represents the end of Igbo culture in Nigeria through beatings, imprisonment, and colonization. African Culture The Africans use spirits and saying to guide them through life. They see everything as a message either from God or the ancestors. To me, the Africans live by a moral code and karma more than a religious text. The villagers take life a step at a time and listen to the elders for wisdom. This book refutes the fight of African people in colonization. Africans did not let the Europeans take over their land easily. The people were manipulated by the missionary work, the presence of Christianity, and their ignorance to European governments. Similarly, the Europeans had more weaponry to take over the land than the Igbo villagers. The villagers lived simple lives and had small wars with neighboring clans over land. They were not equipped to fight European military powers. Book Relates to African Culture In most novels about African people, they are depicted as heartless barbarians. This novel shows how the Africans compassion and faith in the goodness of people made it easy for the Europeans to take over the land. I love this novel as a whole. I have read the novel several times and each time I gain a newfound respect for the African people. Although they were gullible in many ways, the morals of the African people shone through the words. Achebes use of Okonkwo to tell the story of how African villages were colonized was brilliant in my eyes. He showed all facets of each character, so the only villain is the white man. The change in settings from one village to the next shows how colonization affected everyone in Africa. I would love to read more books where Africans are shown as the victims of oppression instead of the Darwins survival of the fittest narrative. Conclusion This novel shows a parallel between how the culture of Africans help and hinder their progression in a modern world. The book shows how the Africans forgiving nature aided the colonizers ability to take over villagers. Although through history, the culture of Africans has helped them regain control over their land in Africa and build countries. Likewise, the book shows the leadership difference between Europeans and African villages. The contrast still exists today. Some African countries still incorporate religious aspects into their government, while European-based countries separate religion and politics. Other articles and books generalize African countries as models of European countries, but some maintain their African culture. Achebe shows how the Africans were stripped of their culture during colonization and their fight to maintain their culture in the book. While many sources say, Africans became civilized once they assimilated to western ideals. The book related to my belief that Africans were the victims of European intervention. When Europeans build governments, they establish a military before anything else, while Africans build government and help their constituents first. The difference in cultural practices was the downfall of the Africans, because they assumed the Europeans had a similar culture. However, I did not realize the significance of the African traditional religion in African society until I read this novel. The religion is incorporated into every part of the African peoples lives.

Ethical Fading An Ethical Judgment - 1205 Words

Ethical Fading:- Answer 1) Ethical fading is the failure to see that a condition requires an ethical judgment. In basic words, when an individual settled on choices and disregard the moral perspectives, it is known ethical fading. It alludes to a disintegration of the ethic principles of a business in which representatives get to be accustomed to participating in such conduct. The procedure of ethical fading in business where expanding returns is supported where augmenting returns is urged over reasonableness to kindred workers and customers. The outcome is that good and bad leave the window. (Guardian,18 jul.2011). Answer 2) One of the extensive truths about human intuition is that we encounter issues seeing our own specific moral†¦show more content†¦This settled on me lament on my choice that as opposed to squandering cash on him, I ought to attempted to put my efforts on group work. Answer 3) Recently, my friend purchased an iPad and iPod discounted. She was exceptionally glad she came to me to demonstrate that as she needed to offer that to her younger brother on his 10th birthday. She said she purchased this on 25% rebate. She purchased that from a neighbourhood shop near our home. When she let me know the value I was frustrated from her buy as I was already aware the business sector cost of that. I went to the shopkeeper to inquire as to why they charged her additional and said 25% rebate. He declined to clarify me and gave me a reason that owner of shop has been changed. Conflict of Interest:- Answer 1) Conflict of interest is a circumstance that can possibly undermine the fairness of a man on account of the likelihood of a conflict between the individual s self-interest and expert interest or open interest. For instance, I work in an restaurant as a bartender my colleague accidentally broke an expensive bottle of wine. He asked me not to inform manager regarding this, on that time I was in this circumstance. Answer 2) The most ideal approach to handle the irreconcilable circumstances is to keep away from it.The most ideal approach to manage clashes are, firstly distinguish the contentions by

Human Trafficking in the United States Essays - 927 Words

In 1865 the United States passed the thirteenth amendment of the constitution which formally abolished the practice of slavery in the United States. Over a century has went by since this day, and yet somewhere behind the mask of freedom that our country holds with such pride lingers a hidden trade. This is the trade of modern day slavery that remains prevalent in our country. Despite the freedoms we are granted as a citizen of the United States,- human trafficking is an enormous issue that is often overlooked. In fact very little light is shown on this topic, but the awful reality is there. Every day women, children, and even men are kidnapped, taken from their families, and forced into free labor and sexual exploitation. According to a†¦show more content†¦These threats leave them in psychological shackles and too scared to do anything about their current situation, and in many cases victims feel as if there is nothing they could do anyways. They are trapped in lives of misery—often beaten, starved, and forced to work as prostitutes or to take grueling jobs as migrant, domestic, restaurant, or factory workers with little or no pay. This trade takes a personal and psychological toll on society, but it also facilitates the illegal movement of immigrants across borders and provides a ready source of income for organized crime groups and even terrorists. Whether it be coercion or force by any means a person uses to enslave another is wrong. When most people think of human trafficking they think of third world countries where little girls are sold for next to nothing, and when people think about trafficking in America they usually think of Asian and Eastern European women being brought int o the states. The truth is that it is actually 10 times more likely for an American girl to be trafficked inside the U.S., and according to The U.S. Department of State statistics almost 300,000 American children are and risk for trafficking into the sex industry. It’s scary to think that your child could be kidnapped or coerced, and ultimately pulled into this trade so close to home. We as American take pride in our country and like to believe we are safe, but these dangers lurk so close to home. It is also easyShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking And The United States1066 Words   |  5 PagesHuman trafficking has always been a though subject. Most Americans prefer to believe that this is a problem of the past, that it simply does not occur anymore. Others accept the fact that human trafficking exist, but in a far away reality, an incident homed only in poor, third world countries. This couldn’t be farther away from the truth. Human trafficking is a real and current problem in the United States, California being a hotspot for this issue, and with the Super Bowl in 2016 the problem willRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The United States1417 Words   |  6 PagesEach year about 17,500 individuals are brought into the United States and become victims of human trafficking. Every country has this problem and it has become the 3rd largest illegal industry worldwide. Human Trafficking is the trade of humans mainly for sexual slavery, but also forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker and sometimes others who take part in this act. Human trafficking is also used for organs or tissues, including surrogacy, ova removal, or making theseRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The United States962 Words   |  4 Pagestakes for cases to be prosecuted and to gain protections is very extensive. Intensifying the existing laws to better defend human trafficking victims is critical.The United States Government, in 2000, certified the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act. This act helps prosecute traffickers and support victims. Since then the number of recognized victims of trafficking has risen as well as trials and social service providers working with survivors. Because of this it gives researchers anRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The United States Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesLooking the other way while close to 50% of the human trafficking in the United States end up in prostitution, what is going on in these states. The over sexed country does not help to stop it when we constantly promote sex in almost every aspect of life. People are losing their life to find a way to get to the United States through different forms of smuggling. Are these the people that we should be letting get in this country? Right under our nose the women, girls are being coerced into prostitutionRead MoreHuman Trafficking : The United States1740 Words   |  7 PagesHUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THE UNITED STATES: WHY SOME STATES HAVE MORE HUMAN TRAFFICKING CALLS THAN OTHERS INTRODUCTION Human trafficking is a growing endemic affecting an estimated 35.8 million men, women, and children around the world annually, as reported by the Global Slavery Index (GSI). The United States is not immune to this problem and has successfully identified 21,434 cases of human trafficking through the National Human Trafficking Resource Center Hotline since 2007. As with crimes of thisRead MoreHuman Trafficking : The United States1250 Words   |  5 Pagessomeone talks about child trafficking? Do you think of children from third world countries being kidnapped or sold into the black market of human trafficking? Most of us probably think of human trafficking as being an issue that poor countries just have but, that isn’t the case. Human trafficking is alive and sadly thriving in the United States. According to Trafficking Source Center, 5,544 cases of human trafficking were reported in the United States in 2015. With human trafficking being around for soRead MoreHuman Trafficki ng And The United States Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesFACT SHEET Human trafficking in the United States Human trafficking, also known as trafficking in persons or modern day slavery, is an affront to the most basic of human freedoms. Human trafficking is a crime that strikes at the very heart of the American promise: freedom. In response to this abhorrent crime, government agencies and nongovernmental organizations have formed strong and growing partnerships aimed at ending this violation of fundamental civil rights and human dignity. 1. WhatRead MoreHuman Trafficking in the United States1603 Words   |  6 Pagesother countries to people in the United States. Imports and exports to and from the U.S include products as wide ranged as food, clothes, and even people. Human trafficking is a worldwide problem, including the United States. Currently, there are approximately 20.9 million people enslaved throughout the world with 2.5 million located in the United States. About 14,500 - 17,500 of foreign nationals are trafficked into the United States every year (Human trafficking statistics). These statistics showRead MoreHuman Trafficking in the United States2403 Words   |  10 PagesHuman Trafficking The United States has always been known for sticking their nose in places where it does not belong. America has been part of wars that could have been avoided, scandals that had nothing to do with the United States. Millions of lives over the years could have been spared if America would have just simply stayed where they belong. What if though, America feels like they have to get involved in forging affairs if they think it can cause or is causing a problem on American soil orRead MoreHuman Trafficking : The United States2136 Words   |  9 PagesHuman trafficking is a prominent problem within the United States that is often overlooked. The definition of human trafficking is, â€Å"Human trafficking - the illegal practice of procuring or trading in human beings for the purpose of prostitution, forced labor, or other forms of exploitation† (â€Å"Human trafficking†). People in the United States believe that human trafficking is a problem that occurs in other less dev eloped countries compared to the United States. What these individuals do not realize

Business Strategy Annual Report and Financial Statements 2015

Question: Discuss about the Report for Business Strategy of a Annual Report and Financial Statements 2015 ? Answer: Introduction TESCO PLC has been selected for the purpose of answering the tasks given in the assignment. Jack Cohen founded TESCO in the year 1919 from a small market in London. Gradually, the company has grown and at present operates in 12 different countries including Europe, America and Asia. It is in the retail business of selling grocery through its retail chain-stores. At present, it employs more than 530,000 employees and is engaged in providing best possible service to its customers. With the advent of the internet, TESCO has been engaged in offering its products online in an effective manner. Building trust and penetrating the market by rendering proper and effective customer services has been one of the most important goals of the company. With this objective, TESCO has grown by addressing the requirements of its customers. Along with customer satisfaction, TESCO is also engaged in imparting its social responsibilities to the full extent. Teamwork and providing a suitable working enviro nment to its employees has been the base of the company that motivates for better outputs. The company has a code of business conduct that it adheres to while conducting its business activities. 1. The selected organization in the study is Tesco Plc. It is one of the most common and enlisted company in the British Stock exchange. There are different kinds of organizational goals and organizational objectives of different organization. There are different kinds of organizational goals of TESCO. This part of the study will analyze how the organization has developed its goals, missions, visions, and strategy. The ultimate objective of this particular organization is to develop a proper business plans and operation which will result the organization towards the becoming the leading retail store in the entire United Kingdom. Based on the development process of the recent business plans of TESCO, the company wants to develop its business operations in the BRICS nations. The five developing and emerging country in the world are Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. TESCO is a multinational company, which operates its business across the major cities of the globe. There ar e different kinds of mission and vision of this particular organization. The mission and vision of TESO is to organize its business in the emerging and developing nations of the world, which include BRICS nations. The goals and objective of the organization is to develop a proper business plans and strategies, which will ensure towards becoming leading organization in the entire United Kingdom. The other business objectives of this particular organization are to offer all the products and services to all the customers at a reasonable price. The entire retail sector industry falls under the notion of the perfectly competitive market structure (Smith 2012). The features of the perfectly competitive market structure are very much different and unique as compared with other marketing structure. The entry and exit of this particular market structure are free. There are no barriers in the entry and exit of any particular market. The level of competition always remains high in this particular market structure. In order to develop a proper business structure the organization needs to develop a proper investigation procedure, which conclude about all the important factors towards the development process of a proper marketing plans and operations. 2: The second part of the study will conclude the different elements, which are included towards formulating strategic plans of the organizations. Business sustainability is one of the most crucial parts in the overall business operations. There are certain plans and procedures, which are included in the development process of a proper business, plans. Technology is one of the major factors, which are emphasized in the overall decision-making process. The role of technology towards the development process of the organizational activity is very much significant. The entire trend of shopping has been changed entirely with the application of the modern technology (Johnston and Bate 2013). The main goals and objectives of the selected organization are to analyze the entire situation in order to develop a digital marketing plans and operations. The concept of the digital marketing plan will allow the entire customer to apply the notion of the online shopping. The customers will be benefit ed in certain ways. It will allow the customers to save time and money simultaneously. Development of a proper digital marketing plan in the organization will allow the company to be benefited in certain ways. 3. There are two kinds of marketing tool, which this particular organization, TESCO develops in the development process of a proper business plans and operations. The application of Ansoff Matrix and the application of the BCG Matrix are the most common and important marketing tool which the organization needs to develop in the process of the organizational plans and procedure. The applications of the two marketing tools have different of utility. TESCO has used the notion of the Ansoff Matrix in the process of developing proper marketing penetration strategy (Short et al. 2013). There are four important factors, which are highlighted in the development process of this particular marketing tool. Market penetration, product development, market development, and diversification are the four important factors, which needs to be highlighted in the overall process of this particular marketing plans and operations. Existing products and new products are the two important points, which need to be analyzed in a proper manner. BCG Matrix is the other marketing tool, which is highlighted in this part of the study. The application of BCG matrix will allow the organization to emphasize towards the development process of modern and new products. It will allow TESCO to organize a strong and proper business plan in order to develop and market new products in the overall business activities. 4. This part of the assignment will help the readers to conclude about the situation analysis process of the selected organization. The notion of the situation analysis procedure will allow TESCO to conclude about the internal environment analysis as well as the external analysis process. With the help of the SWOT Analysis tool, the organization will be able to determine both internal environment analysis as well as external analysis. The four factors, which are included in this particular marketing, are Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Treats (Annual Report and Financial Statements 2015 Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2015 Annual Report and Financial Statements 2015 2016). The first two factors in this particular marketing tool will analyze the internal environment and on the other hand, the remaining two factors are used to determine the external environment analysis. The strength of this particular industry is its brand name. Supply chain management, customer service, research and development, product customization are the important factors which are included in the development process. On the other hand, the weakness of this particular industry is to analyze the market size and growing demand. The entire retail sector industry falls under the notion of the perfectly competitive market structure. It maintains a huge customer base and a huge market structure in order to develop a proper business plans proceedings. It is one of the markets, which is at a growing stage. All the firms maintain a good business plans and operations in the overall market structure. However, there are certain weaknesses, which are highlighted in the study, are analyzed in a proper manner. Knowledge of proper culture is another important point, which needs to organize in a proper manner. The threats, which are highlighted in this particular study, are increase in level of competition, market diversification (Importance of Stakeholder Analysis in Management Plans 2016).5. The section of the study will highlight the importance of the PESTEL Analysis. The application of the PESTEL Analysis includes six different factors in the organization. The six factors are political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal are the important factor which are included in the development process of this particular marketing tool (PESTLE Analysis for Tesco | PESTLE Analysis 2016). The following table illustrates the analysis: Political - Implementation of taxation norms has increased government revenue in the form of VAT - Affect on sales revenue generation - Implementation of tax with respect to obesity Economic - Recovery after the global financial crisis - Increase in GDP - Growth in the supermarket industry - Lack of disposable income results in substitution effect where cheap food products generated revenue for the company Social - Decrease in birth rate increased life expectancy rate and resulted in a shift in the tastes of individuals - Changes in the business environment - Corporate Social Responsibility Technology - Use of online shopping by consumers have increased - Developments in the supply chain management system - Technologies used by its competitors have to be evaluated in order to gain a competitive advantage Environmental - Global warming and its associated effects - Minimizing the use of non-renewable sources of energy - Use of bio- energy Legal - Reforms in the agricultural policy - Reforms in Companies Act - Regulations floated by the Prudential Regulatory Authority (SWOT analysis and PESTEL analysis OF Tesco 2015) 6. The impact of stakeholders analysis on business activities is significant. As an organization is an artificial legal person, it has to depend on its stakeholders for undertaking the required business activities. Stakeholders are key to the success of an organization. They play an active role in the entire decision making process of the concern. Some of the major decisions in which stakeholders play an important role are as follows (Tesco plc 2016): Investment decisions Financing decisions Marketing decisions Expansion decisions All the above decisions collectively form the backbone of the business enterprise. Therefore, active participation of the stakeholders in the entire process has become indispensable (Sage 2016). Thus, a proper analysis of the stakeholders is of utmost importance and should be carried on in an effective and efficient manner. 7. TESCO has been actively engaged in expanding its business activities beyond its national borders. Over the years, TESCO has expanded to Europe, Asia, the USA and other southern countries of the globe (Apenko 2014, pp.28-34). In essence, it has become important to address the cultural issues arising out of such expansions. Building trust among these new stakeholders has been one of the priorities of the company along with strengthening of its balance sheet and competitiveness in the UK. Therefore, addressing the issues of the local communities and customers is one of the objectives of the company. In order to address this issue, the company should organize workshops and interaction sessions. Existing and new employees can be trained and informed about the manner in which the company wants to undertake its business activities in a particular company (Strategic Report 2015 2016). 8. Expansion of business has been one of the most important objectives of TESCO. Over the years, the company has resorted to various international market entry strategies and has expanded its business in Europe, the USA, Asia and in many more countries. It has successfully resorted to various inorganic modes of expansion in the form of joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2012). These strategic alliances have expanded the market share and scope of business of TESCO throughout the world and have helped it to become one of the market leaders in retail industry. TESCO gained entry to the United States through its wholly owned subsidiary called the Greenfield Investment (GI). The table below demonstrates the manner in which different strategies have been used by the company to gain entry to markets beyond its national boundaries (Tesco plc 2016). Country Strategy China Joint Venture South Korea Joint Venture Thailand Joint Venture Malaysia Acquisition Japan Acquisition Turkey Acquisition Ireland Acquisition Slovakia Acquisition Hungary Acquisition Poland Acquisition Czech Republic Acquisition USA GI (Wholly Owned Subsidiary) TESCO directed its international market entry strategies in order to become one of the most important retailers of the present industry. Its activities in Europe and Asia have been successful. However, entering the US market was a daunting task for the company, as it had to compete with some of the biggest retailers of the country like Albertsons LLC, Walmart Supercentres, Delhaize Group, etc. The success of the company lies in its diversification capacity and understanding of the local markets, especially markets that are composed of high cultural mix of the targeted customers (Tesco plc 2016). The other important point of these strategies is sustainable growth and success in the long run. The company has successfully used its diversification capabilities in order to formulate strategies that will increase profits and maximize the wealth of its stakeholders in the long run. The inorganic mode of expansion is the best option chosen by the company as it provides a smoother entry to in ternational markets as compared to conventional methods (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). Theses business ventures are transparent and less time consuming. Time is the essence of business expansion. It takes a considerable amount of investment and time to set up a new business in a foreign market and it also carries excessive amount of business risk of setting up a new business. On the other hand, inorganic methods provide a company with the opportunity of expending less of valuable resources and cater to expansion with the help of local logistics. Thus, the alternative strategies adopted by the company are appropriate and beneficial (Tesco plc 2016). 1.1: As mentioned above, TESCO has resorted to various inorganic modes of expansion. Among the various strategies availed, joint venture can be said to be one of the best options for a number of reasons as stipulated below (Tesco plc 2016): JVs are a convenient mode of entering into a foreign market Investments are lower than other modes, viz. mergers, de-mergers, acquisitions, etc. Lesser compliance requirements Local support provided by the JV partner Does not require building of a brand name Market penetration becomes easy Development of core competencies by partner firms Responsibilities are divided Collective decision making Better co-ordination that leads to successful marketing activities TESCOs joint venture in Asia has led to a successful expansion of the market share for the company. South Korea is one such country where the company successfully penetrated the market by collaborating with Samsung Corporation (Tesco plc 2016). TESCO acquired the distribution unit of Samsung along with its managerial rights. This gave the company a suitable opportunity to reach extreme corners of the company by utilizing the existing distribution channels. Acquiring managerial rights gave TESCO all the required decision making powers that helped it to achieve its pre-determined objectives. TESCO experienced same amount of success in China. It entered into a joint venture with Ting Hsin International (THI) in 2006 by acquiring 50% of the companys chain-store shares. This provided TESCO with an unimaginable advantage as it got well established chain of store where it could sell its products. This is considered to be one of the revolutions of the retail industry (Tesco plc 2016). Later in 2006 TESCO increased its stake to 90% that gave a boost to its decision making process. This venture proved to be very successful as the chain-store was one of the leaders in the retail industry. It also gave an added advantage to TESCO, as most of its employees were local including the top brass. Therefore, it can be seen that alternative expansion strategies availed by TESCO has proved to be very successful for the company and increased its revenue generation to a great extent along with an expansion of its overall market share in the international retail industry (Tesco plc 2016). 1.2: Implementation of expansion strategies are very crucial and the decision has to be taken by the management with due care. Any loopholes in a strategy may result in a total failure of a business venture along with severe financial losses (Long 2015). Therefore, the personnel delegated this sensitive task must have the following roles and responsibilities: Should possess full knowledge of the objectives to be achieved Should have a proper plan to implement the strategies Should resort to effective communication within and outside the organization by discussing the plan with all the concerned people Shall take feedback from all the concerned departments and personnel Shall segment the entire implementation plan The plan should be implemented in a phased manner so as to evaluate its success or failures Proper training of the required personnel Constant monitoring and performance evaluation Analyzing and addressing risks in implementing expansion strategies Comply with the required and relevant rules and regulations, nationally and internationally Devise a proper internal control and internal check system so that the implementation process progresses in a devised and authentic manner The above are some of the major responsibilities and roles that managers have to play. Other important and additional responsibilities may arise, as cross border business is a mixing of different cultures (Tesco plc 2016). Depending on the evaluations, alterations might have to be carried out according to the requirement of the situation. These activities are of immense importance as the success or failure of the entire operation depends on proper completion of such roles and responsibilities. 1.3: Implementation is the most important part of a business activity as in this stage a paper plan has to be executed in the practical world. Therefore, implementation activities have to be undertaken very carefully and with all precision (Stevens and Dykes 2013). Implementing an expansion strategy has many requirements. These resources have to be procured in such a manner that they prove to be profitable in the long run for the company. Following are the main types of resources that are required to implement a new strategy (Tesco plc 2016): Financial Resources An expansion of business cannot take place without sufficient funds. However, before resorting to accumulating funds, an organization has to identify and evaluate investment opportunities are suitable for the business. Selection of a proper investment opportunity involves scanning of various opportunities and selecting the most suitable one. Then comes the financing part of the business activity. Procurement of funds involves a certain cost (Gohel and Gondalia 2013). The return from deployment of financial resources has to be more from the cost of procuring such funds. Otherwise, the business venture will result in a total failure. Financing decisions includes accumulation of funds from external sources and internal sources such as credit, bank overdrafts, issue of shares and debentures and utilization of retained earnings. Human Resources The next big important resource is human resource. Business requires skilled and unskilled people to carry out the business activities. An organization has to evaluate whether its present human resource strength enough to handle the business expansion or not (Tesco plc 2016). Some existing and experienced employees are deployed in new business areas in order to provide a right direction. On the other hand, local people are recruited as they provide local logistics and information about the new market. Therefore, both existing and new human resources are important to successfully implement an expansion strategy (Tesco plc 2016). Physical Resources Physical resources include setting up of new production facilities at the new place of business. Procurement of raw material and storing them in the local warehouse also are vital physical resources that are required to carry on the business in a successful manner (Tesco plc 2016). 2.1 Setting out targets and implementing formulated strategies are common activities of an organization. These strategies have to be planned and implemented successfully in order to achieve sustainable growth in the long run. Strategies can be long-term, medium-term and short-term (Tesco plc 2016). However, if due care is not taken while implementing these strategies, the whole business venture may fail and lead to severe financial looses for the organization (Mentis 2012). In order to prevent such a catastrophe, organizations adhere to SMART targets in order to successfully implement a strategy. The below table shows the true meaning of SMART targets: S Specific M Measurable A Achievable R Realistic T Time Constrained The following points are to be considered while setting targets while implementing a new strategy: The goals set by an organization have to be specific in order to make them achievable The targets set shall be measurable so that the strategy can be evaluated and re-engineered if required The targets set should be achievable in order for it to be successful The goals shall be practical and realistic so that they can be achieved in a proper manner There should be a time limit to achieve the set targets. This provides effectiveness and overall efficiency to the implementation process Therefore, it can be seen that the above five elements are very important and should be strictly adhered to while implementing a new strategy. This is essential of achieve the overall goal of the entire business project. SMART targets provides a proper structure to the implementation process and helps to achieve the goals in a strategic manner (Tesco plc 2016). References Annual Report and Financial Statements 2015 Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2015 Annual Report and Financial Statements 2015. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/files/pdf/reports/ar15/download_annual_report.pdf [Accessed 5 Mar. 2016]. Apenko, S.N., 2014. Leadership of human resources and project teams in the management of strategic changes in the organization.Strategic Management,19(1), pp.28-34. Gohel, H. and Gondalia, V., 2013. Executive Information Advancement of Knowledge Based Decision Support System for Organization of United Kingdom.International journal of advanced and innovative research, pp.41-50. Hill, C., Jones, G. and Schilling, M., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Importance of Stakeholder Analysis in Management Plans. (2016). [online] Smallbusiness.chron.com. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-stakeholder-analysis-management-plans-61850.html [Accessed 5 Mar. 2016]. Johnston, R.E. and Bate, J.D., 2013.The power of strategy innovation: a new way of linking creativity and strategic planning to discover great business opportunities. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Long, F., 2015. Utilization of social media in market entry strategies: A case study of multinational companies in China. Mentis, P., 2012. Tesco PLC's entry mode in the Slovenian retail market. Metzger, K., 2014. Business analysis of UK supermarket industry. PESTLE Analysis for Tesco | PESTLE Analysis - Free Business Essay - Essay UK. (2016). [online] Essay.uk.com. Available at: https://www.essay.uk.com/free-essays/business/tescos.php [Accessed 5 Mar. 2016]. Sage, S. (2016).Strategic Implementation. [online] OnStrategy. Available at: https://onstrategyhq.com/resources/strategic-implementation/ [Accessed 5 Mar. 2016]. Short, M., Baker, M., Carter, J., Jones, C. and Jay, S., 2013.Strategic environmental assessment and land use planning: an international evaluation. Routledge. Smith, R.D., 2012.Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Stevens, C.E. and Dykes, B.J., 2013. The home country cultural determinants of firms' foreign market entry timing strategies.Long Range Planning,46(4), pp.387-410. Strategic Report 2015. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/files/pdf/reports/ar15/download_strategic_report.pdf [Accessed 5 Mar. 2016]. SWOT analysis and PESTEL analysis OF Tesco. (2015). [online] UKEssays. Available at: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/swot-and-pestel-analysis-of-tesco-business-essay.php [Accessed 5 Mar. 2016]. Tesco plc. (2016). [online] Tesco plc. Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=878 [Accessed 5 Mar. 2016]. Tesco plc. (2016). [online] Tesco plc. Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=6 [Accessed 5 Mar. 2016]. Tesco plc. (2016). [online] Tesco plc. Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=11 [Accessed 5 Mar. 2016]. Tesco plc. (2016). [online] Tesco plc. Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=10 [Accessed 5 Mar. 2016]. Tesco plc. (2016). [online] Tesco plc. Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=656 [Accessed 5 Mar. 2016]. Tesco plc. (2016). [online] Tesco plc. Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=164 [Accessed 5 Mar. 2016]. Tesco plc. (2016). [online] Tesco plc. Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=29 [Accessed 5 Mar. 2016]. Tesco plc. 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Capitalization and Punctualtion free essay sample

Through capital letters, it is easy to know the important parts of the sentence that need to be emphasized. To capitalize is to use a capital letter at the start of a word. Specifically, capitalization is used: I * in the first word ofa sentence I Everyone loves me. I *to indicate proper nouns I I Philippines, Marc, Sony I *for days of the week and months I I Friday, December I *in naming a directionl I North, South I in the pronoun I I lam happy. I *in the interjection O I I O Lord, hear us. I Capitalize the first and all the important words in a title. These words are nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and the first word of the title. PUNCTUATION When we are speaking, slight pauses indicate the beginnings and endings of sentences, and the turns of thoughts within the sentences themselves. When we are writing, punctuation marks take the place of the pauses. We will write a custom essay sample on Capitalization and Punctualtion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Punctuation marks are warning signals to the reader. They are important because they mark divisions of thought. Use a period: After an abbreviation. After an initial. 2. After a declarative sentence or an imperative sentence that does not exclaim. 3. In outlining, after a numeral or a letter that sets Offa heading. Use a question 4. mark: After an interrogative sentence. After a fact in which there is some doubt as to accuracy. Use an exclamation point: After an exclamatory sentence. After a strong interjection. Use a comma After the greeting in a friendly letter. Atter the closing ot a letter. 3. Between the name of the city or town and the name of the province. 4. Between the day of the month and the year, in a date. . After an introductory participial phrase. After transitional expressions like moreover, yet, still. 7. After an 6. introductory adverbial clause. To set off an absolute phrase. 8. To set off a noun of direct address. 9. 10. After yes and no at the beginning of a sentence when they do not express strong feeling. 11. To set off words and phrases used parenthetically. 12. With most appositives. 13. To set Offa title following a proper name. 14. After a mild interjection. 15. After a surname when it precedes the first name. 16. Before a conjunction that separates the co-ordinate clauses of a compound sentence or a compound-complex sentence. 17. After namely and for example. 18. After a conjunctive adverb. 19. To separate words, phrases, or clauses in a series. 20. To separate two adjectives that modifies a noun with equal force. 21. To set off non-restrictive clauses. 22. To set off non-restrictive participial phrases. 23. To set off degrees after a name. 24. Before A, An, and The when they come after a title. 25. To separate a quotation from the rest of a sentence. 26. To avoid possible confusion. Use a semicolon: Between independent clauses not Joined by a conjunction. 2. Before words like namely and for example. 3. Between independent clauses when one of the clauses contains one or more commas. 4. Between independent clauses that are Joined by such conjunctive adverbs as however, moreover, nevertheless, hence, consequently, there, also, otherwise, accordingly. Use double quotation marks: Around titles of single stories, booklets, poems, and songs. 2. Around nicknames and slang expressions in formal writing. 3. a speaker. Use single quotation marks: To enclose a quotation within a quotation. Use a colon: After the salutation in a business letter. To introduce a list. To separate hours and minutes in writing time. 4. Around the exact words of To introduce a long quotation or a formal statement. Use an apostrophe: In a contraction. In a possessive noun. Use a hyphen: To divide words between syllables. To separate parts of some compound words. Use a dash: Between numbers in a page reference. To show a break in continuity of thought. To set off parenthetical elements that are so loosely connected with the rest of the sentence that they break the continuity. 4. To indicate speech that is faltering or broken. Use parentheses: To enclose dates, fgures, and letters which are inserted in a sentence. 2. To enclose nonessential words and phrases inserted in a sentence. Use brackets: To enclose explanatory words or phrases in quoted matter. Use ellipsis: 1. To indicate an omission from a quotation. Use slash: 1. To replace the word per. 2. To present an option Use ampersand: 1. Used in the names of companies or in trade names. 2. Used only in informal writing such as personal letters. Source: English for World Use, MSA Comprehensive English Handbook

How middle school students cultural identity (race values, neighborhood and family) influence the way they learn

How middle school students cultural identity (race values, neighborhood and family) influence the way they learn This is a very important discussion because a deep comprehension of the learning process should provide framework for curriculum and instructional decisions. This is because diversity in middle level schools calls for continual reexamination of educator’s assumptions, expectation, and biases. Therefore, decisions on education must be evaluated for their influence on students learning capability.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How middle school students cultural identity (race values, neighborhood and family) influence the way they learn specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Teachers are supposed to have enough information about shared beliefs of people and different styles of learning. This is because; there is a relationship between the environment in which the child is living or originates from and child’s success academically, socially and emotionally. The context, in which the leaner is in, is known for influencing the motivation behind the middle class student to learn. Context is everything in the material, mental and personal, social, institutional, cultural and historical that influences the meaning, which people make. The activities which students participate in and the interactions they have with peers, adults, and the physical characteristics of their learning environment all contribute to their motivation to learn and desire to engage. Context consists of cultural artifacts such as language, technologies, social interactions, communication and any other elements in the physical environment that influence learning, meaning making, and cognitive development (Ramirez, 1989). If a teacher is going to provide successful learning opportunities for the middle class students, he or she must have knowledge of the learner. This is in relation to personal characteristics and the beliefs of people that affect the way they behave. The middle school learner is a product of nature and nu rture. Everyone is born with a tendency to learn in a particular way. Members of the family, what people belief in as well as the entire community influence this. Different researches show that the way of learning is determined by nature as well as nurture. Type development begins at a very early age and the argument is that type is inborn predisposition just like left or right-handedness. However, the successful development of type can be greatly improved or hindered by the environment. Members of the family should be encouraged to work together in order to help one another. The experiences that children get when they are young determine the styles of learning that they adopt.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The style of learning is developed through the characters that are similar in children, the beliefs in the community where they live and the support they receive as the y grow up. The individuality of learners develops well if it is supported by culture so that everyone can accept it. The uniqueness of members of the family should be encouraged so that everybody can trust himself or herself the way they are. When a person feels that he does not possess the characteristics of a boy, he lacks self-confidence and feels that he does not fit in the society. Every middle school student of every culture, race, religion, socio economic status, deserves an equal opportunity to be successful in school. The instructor needs to know the shared beliefs of students in order to improve the way of learning. Understanding learners’ differences is significant in structuring successful learning methodologies for every student. Culture and learning style Researchers have acknowledged classic learning patterns among African Americans, Mexican Americans and Native Americans. The information bring to a close that Mexican Americans view family and personal relation ships as imperative and are contented by way of thinking in generalities and patterns (Cox Ramirez 1981). For instance, the Mexican Americans are culturally inclined towards associations and concept thinking whereby they are able to think philosophically. Discussions and silent reading will certainly augur well with students from such a background. Such qualities give details why Mexican-American students often seek a special association with a trainer and are further relaxed with extensive concepts than constituent details and specifics. Research concerning the African-American culture indicates that African American students place a higher value on oral communication, physical activity, and devotion in interpersonal associations (Shade, 1989). This is because; traditionally African culture entailed passing of messages via oral communication rather than in writing. This implies that students with such a background can understand more from listening than from reading. The behavior is improved through organizing projects that involve all students, discussion groups as well as working in collaboration. The community of Americans who are Native discriminate other people all over the world in their way of thinking, they belief they are more capable and skilled. The non-native speakers suffer because; they cannot mix freely with the Native Americans or share the same facilities available in the community.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How middle school students cultural identity (race values, neighborhood and family) influence the way they learn specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Native Americans are provided with quality learning facilities; the environment is conducive for learning and is exposed to the modern improved facilities for effective learning. The Americans value freedom, they ask questions where necessary and they are critical thinkers. This makes their learning to be based on res earch, examinations and their performance in examinations. These patterns are widespread in many American schools. The following are strategies for teaching in a culturally diverse middle school. The first one is to build relationships with students. During the interview with students who are African Americans, they said the problems they encountered and wanted their teachers to understand them and the way they live outside school as well as enjoy the incentive systems at school. When the teachers think about the life of students, they are able to help them understand what they are taught and use examples that students understand better. The second one is to facilitate independence in thinking and action. Students are helped to become independent in different ways in order to facilitate their learning. This is done by encouraging them to work in absence of the teacher without instructions to be followed. When students ask questions, the teacher can encourage independence by respondi ng in a way that lets the student know how to find the answer for him or herself (Gee, 2007). When students evaluate their own work and perform different roles they become independent. This can do well especially in classes where the middle school teacher is having students with an Asian background. Thirdly, students form study teams that meet outside classroom most of the times. By arranging for times and rooms where groups can meet, you can encourage students to study together. Peer support is an important factor in student persistence in school, but students of color sometimes are left out of informal networks and study groups that help other students succeed. Through studying together, your students can both improve their academic performance and overcome some of the out-of-class segregation common in many campuses. This is critical because it assists the student to gain self-acceptance as well as appreciate the persons from different background other than theirs. This is becaus e; it is in the middle schools where students gain self-awareness about their cultural, racial and tribal differences. Working in groups, which incorporate culturally diverse students, will help the students to have a positive view of their differences. The other strategy for the teacher to ensure that the teaching methodologies include different groups is by developing interpersonal relations with the students, which make the teacher approachable. This will make the students who come from backgrounds that value interpersonal relationships to feel incorporated and at the same time be enabled to learn.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the teacher should develop methodologies, which also encourage competition such as individual tests. This will be useful in assisting students who can do better in competitive environment rather than in a cooperative environment especially if the teacher has students who are of Japanese origin because their culture encourages competitiveness and individual hard work. Finally, the teacher should provide opportunities for all students to get to know each other. Research shows that both African-American and white students, for example, would like greater interracial contact. African-American students tend to prefer institutional programs and commitments, while most white students prefer opportunities for individual personal contacts. By doing the activities the teacher will have developed a rapport with the students and offered an environment, which is accommodative to students of different cultural backgrounds. Diversity is something to be appreciated rather than somethin g to be maligned about. A teacher ensures that students are well prepared to handle different situations. When the middle school teacher is aware of the diverse needs and how to handle the students as per their backgrounds, the teacher will not only have improved the academic performance of that particular student in class but will also have boosted the esteem of such students into unimaginable levels. It is therefore imperative for the teacher to implement those suggestions not only for the improvement of overall class performance but also for the advancement of the society as a whole. References Cox, B. Ramirez, M. (1981). Cognitive styles: Implications for multiethnic education in the 80s’. Washington: National Education Association. Gee, J. (2007). An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method. London: Rutledge. Ramirez, M. (1989). Pluralistic education: A bicognitive-multicultural model. The Clearinghouse Bulletin (3): 4–5. Shade. (1989). The influence of perceptual development on cognitive style: Cross ethnic comparisons. Early Child Development and Care (51): 137–155.

Company Analysis of Nestle Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Company Analysis of Nestle Corporation - Essay Example A situational audit is a comprehensive analysis of an organization’s current state in comparison to its micro and macro economic environment. According to Cherniss and Adler (2000, p. 97), a situational audit helps to establish the organization’s current situation in relation to its marketing objectives. In addition, a situation analysis identifies the future economic performance of the organization if it continues to use its current strategies. Nestle foods has operations in more than eighty countries globally. The organizations expansion strategy is implemented through joint venture and acquisitions. This report presents a situational audit for Nestle Foods, one of the world’s largest organizations. It explores the external, competitive, and internal market factors influencing the organization performance. Finally, it provides an analysis of the suitability of the marketing strategy used by the corporation and provides appropriate recommendations. The Internal environment According to Remenyi, Money and Bannister (2007, p.128), the internal analysis of an organization helps to identify the organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The strengths represent the competencies and resources within the organization, which help it to achieve a competitive position in the industry. Nestle foods has numerous strengths which have helped the organization to become one of the worlds largest corporations.... Management of the organization has excelled in creating an environment, which foster innovation in the company. Innovation has helped the organization to achieve internal growth through the ability to meet and surpass consumer expectations. Nestle Foods has uses a low cost strategy which helps the organization to maintain low cost for all operations. Through the low cost strategy, Nestle Foods is able to offer its consumers competitive prices for its products. In addition, Nestle foods have a highly competitive team of research and development in charge of new product development. Nestle Foods has affiliations with major learning institutions and has developed a university where most of its research and development is conducted. The research and development team has enabled Nestle Foods to differentiate its products from those of its competitors in the industry. Another strength that Nestle Foods has its health based weight-management product line. With the growing popularity of heal th foods in the European market and other countries, this presents a lucrative opportunity for Nestle Foods. According to Remenyi, Money and Bannister (2007, p.128), threats are factors in the business environment which may hinder the successful implementation of an organization strategies. Nestle Foods has undertaken an intensive expansion strategy by venturing in many markets in Europe and other continents. However, most markets in Europe are already saturated which may hinder the successful implementation of the Nestle Food’s expansion strategy in European markets. For example, when Nestle Foods launched its yoghurt, Yoplait, in France, it failed to acquire a large market share because Danone is the established brand of yoghurt in the country. Nestle

Restaurant design issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Restaurant design issues - Essay Example The problem is in choosing the right kind of lighting. 4. Acoustics can make or break a restaurant. If the restaurant is too loud, then people will not want to eat there, unless the theme is that the restaurant is fun and vibrant. The right acoustics is essential to the success of the restaurant. Concept One of the most important aspects of design of the dining room is what concept is the restaurant going for? The concept is important because all the other aspects of the dining room would play off of this (Walker, 2005). Walker (2005) describes what a restaurant concept is, and how designs might change according to the concept that is conceived by the restaurant designer. He describes concept as â€Å"the matrix of ideas that constitutes what will be perceived as the restaurant’s image† (Walker, 2005, p. 51). A restaurant should aim for a concept that is different than other competing restaurants, while also being better than these other restaurants. The elements of con cept are atmosphere, menu, location, marketing, image and management. Examples of concepts include family restaurants, romantic restaurants, fun restaurants, formal restaurants, and, within each of these broad categories are sub-categories that help further define the restaurant. The concept should be clear-cut, in that the symbols, furnishings, service and everything else about the restaurant should be integrated into the proper image that is conveyed to the patrons about the restaurant. In other words, the restaurant should have some kind of theme, character or purpose (Walker, 2005). Walker (2005) lists some of the concept restaurants that have been successful, such as Planet Hollywood restaurants, Lettuce Entertain You restaurants, and different restaurants that are owned by celebrities. He also states that one of the most successful restaurant chain concepts is that of the Hard Rock Cafe. This was a chain that was founded in London in 1971, and each of the restaurants boasts ro ck ‘n’ roll memorabilia and a generally loud and boisterous atmosphere. Therefore, when beginning with the different dining room elements, one must first begin with what kind of concept the restaurant has. This will dictate the three elements that will be explored further in this essay – color schemes, lighting and acoustics. Obviously, a restaurant that has a concept as a family restaurant would have different lighting, color schemes and acoustics than would a restaurant that is being marketed as formal, or a restaurant that is marketed as fun - such as a Hard Rock Cafe or Planet Hollywood. Color Color schemes is the first element that must be considered. According to Piotrowski and Rogers (1999), color schemes need to reflect the overall concept and type of restaurant, as well as take into consideration the current color trends. The color scheme may be unexpected or traditional – for instance, in a Chinese restaurant, the traditional color scheme is red and gold. Unexpected colors might be mauve and walnut. This can work two ways – on the one hand, unexpected color schemes set the restaurant apart from other Chinese restaurants who stick with the more traditional schemes. On the other hand, this kind of color scheme might turn off the patrons who have come to expect the more traditional color scheme. Piotrowski and Rogers (1999) recommend studying color psychology before deciding upon the restaurant color scheme – certain colors stimulate appetite, other colors are soothing, and

Succession Planning Essay Example for Free

Succession Planning Essay 1. Introduction All around the globe there are two main opinions about talent management. One that states that talent can be developed by itself through the everyday work. On the other hand another school states that a talent must be discovered, nurtured, grow and retained. In the fast growing business world especially in last 2 decades many issues appeared that emphasise on taking a stand whether to follow the evolutionary theory or to follow the succession planning and management. Sometimes a company face a challenge if a key position worker disappears for any reason. For example taken by a head hunter, retirement or death. A place is vacant and to fill this place it would take maybe months. Not mention the amount of knowledge that was lost as this key employee was gone. As the competition increases in the business world there is no more loyalty, both from the company and the employee. To face those challenges big organisations must develop a plan not just to solve these situations but also to avoid them in the first place. This plan is a complicated process that requires the dedication of everyone involved.  Its success can be measured by the people that affects. (Palma, M 2009, ‘Succession Planning’, PA Times (American Society for Public Administration, March, vol.32, iss. 3, pp.10-11). This report aims to explain and both theories from different vintage points. This paper has three sections. The first is the definition of succession planning. The next is examples of the evolutionary theory. The third section is about talent development as a result of sustained efforts to prepare the leaders of tomorrow. At the end I’ll briefly discuss my conclusion and give my recommendation. 2. Why Succession planning Succession planning has been defined as: A means of identifying critical management positions, starting at the levels of project manager and supervisor and extending to the highest positions in the organisation. Succession planning also describes management positions to provide maximum flexibility in lateral management moves and to ensure that as individuals achieve greater seniority, their management skills will broaden and become more generalized in relation to total organisational objectives rather than to purely departmental objectives.( Rothwell, W. J., 2010. Effective Succession Planning. Fourth edition ed. New York: AMACOM American Management Association.) Also it is the identification and development of potential successors for key positions in an organisation, through a systematic evaluation process and training. Unlike replacement planning (which grades an individual solely on the basis of his or her past performance) succession planning is largely predictive in judging an individual for a position he or she might never have been in.( www.businessdictionary.com) It is a component of good HR planning and management. It understands that staff will not be with an organization forever and it provides a plan and process for ameliorating the situation that will occur when they leave. It must not focus on the senior positions only, but also on all the crucial key positions in all levels. Succession planning is a process of developing talent to meet the needs of the organisation now and in the future. Every time a manager makes a work assignment, he or she is preparing someone for the future because he or she  is building that workers ability. Work experience builds competence, and different kinds of work experience build different kinds of competence. (Effective succession planning, William J. Rothwell, 4th edition, p371) Organizational leaders need to think about aligning their staffing and leadership needs with the organization’s future strategic objectives. If they do not take action to establish an effective SPM program, they are likely to fall victim to the so-called like-me problem, in which people are biased to pick other people like themselves, viewing them more favourably. Given the tendency to want to â€Å"clone† job incumbents for successors, organizations must take steps to counteract that built-in bias, for the simple reason that the job incumbent of today, while perhaps perfectly suited for the business environment now, may not be suitable for the business environment of the future.( Rothwell, W. J., 2010. Effective Succession Planning. Fourth edition ed. New York: AMACOM American Management Association.) 3. The Evolutionary Process of Talent Development: Here are some examples of real life companies using the evolutionary process: 3.1 Mohamed Ibrahim Optics This company was established in 1972 and the owner Mr. Mohamed Ibrahim at this time about 35 years old. By 1999 there were more than 25 branches around Egypt. After more than 40 years it’s the time for him to retire because health issues. He has 3 sons and because he was always managing the process he is assuming that one of his sons would be his successor in the business, but neither had he identified which of them would be the best successor, nor he tried to develop them. The emotional factor and the notion that he was going to stay at home and would not be the C-executive terrifying Mr. Ibrahim. Now one of his sons who is not interested in the business is running the operation and the employees are not happy with the new manager which affected their performance. 3.2 Rizkallah appliances This is an example about a CEO’s maneuvering to delay the succession process. After 2 decades of running Rizkallah for electronics, the time has come for Mr. Essam to start planning for retirement. The board was confident that Mr. Essam was the best one for the position. He has the experience and the knowledge. Putting his retirement plans in one hand and the strategy he want  to follow in the other hand made him procrastinate the succession process. He became hypercritical of all potential candidates. Also compare his performance with the performance of the new candidate. For Mr. Essam he was losing his job. The key to successful succession planning is to stop viewing it as a zero-sum game with one winner and one loser. It should be regarded as a natural progression in the health of an organization. (Baldoni, J 2008, ‘Making a Success of Succession Planning’, CIO Insight) 3.3 Masr for insurance This is about a CEO who would not leave his position due to economic factors. The recession in Egypt make Mustafa think twice about leaving his position. Also the recession made it very difficult to start a systematic succession planning in the organisation. Pulling off a CEO transition is never easy, especially during a recession. (The art of succession, By: Boyle, Matt, BusinessWeek, 5/11/2009, Issue 4130) In his mind he thought that he must be the only decision making person. Holding all the keys for making a decision in his hands. Regardless he was about 59 years old he never thought of choosing a successor or investing in a succession plan. During the revolution Egypt in 2011 he was exposed to the gases and because of his age and medical condition he could not tolerate the gas and he suffocated to death. More than 6 months passed by and his position was still vacant and no one dare to fill his place. Those 6 months were very tough and the firm missed lots of opportunities as in this period many companies changed their policies to coop with the different situation. 4. Succession planning and management Argument: From the previous examples we understand that succession planning is needed in any big company. SPM program is needed so the organisational leaders align their staffing and leadership needs with the organisation’s future strategic objectives. Another reason why SPM program is needed: More and more organisations are experiencing the effects of aging workforces that are putting them at risk of losing their most experienced workers to retirement. Also terrorism increases the need for SPM program to ensure that key workers have back up in case they are needed. (Effective succession planning, William J. Rothwell, 4th edition) I Use everything that happens as  a learning experience to prepare my staff to stretch in the future. Everyone takes experiences at a different level; they dont all derive the same kinds of lessons from those experiences. What I try to do on a daily basis is turn everything into a leadership learning session. (Chief learning officer magazine, The CLO Succession Plan, March 2008 issue) According to Peter F. Drucker: â€Å"The question of tomorrow’s management is, above all, a concern of our society. Let me put it bluntly-we have reached a point where we simply will not tolerate as a country, as a society, as a government, the danger that any one of our major companies will decline or collapse because it has not made adequate provisions for management succession.† (Harper W.Moulton and Arthur A. Fickel, Executive Development: Preparing For the 21st Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 29. â€Å"Every enterprise is a learning and teaching institution. Training and development must be built into it on all levels—training and development never stop.à ¢â‚¬  – Peter F. Drucker 5. Talent development is a result of a sustained effort to prepare leaders of tomorrow Another good example from a friend of mine who was working as human resource manager in Prizma Securities Company. 5.1 Prizma Securities In the company they were using a 6 key steps model which used in many large organisations worldwide. They were using market-driven approach to integrate strategic plans with succession plans where necessary talents are required to deal with competitive pressure. 1. Formulating a mission statement: It describes the purpose of a program or the reason for its existence. 2. Identify key areas and positions: Gap analysis may identify key areas. Also Review key positions periodically because they may change over time, depending on changes in Government direction and the introduction of new technology. 3.Identify competency for key areas and positions: Employees who believe they are growing and developing professionally, learning new skills and gaining experience are more productive, have higher morale, and are more loyal than employees at organizations that dont emphasize talent development and knowledge management (Moskal, Planning for Succession, Baseline, October2008, iss. 89,  pp. 12 -14.) This was achieved by assessing knowledge, skills and abilities or competency profile. 4. Find interested employees and —assess them against capabilities: Using Talent review meetings 5.Develop and implement succession and knowledge transfer plans: Using stretch assignments, acting assignments, formal training, mentoring and coaching and Job rotations those procedures would help in transferring of knowledge and not remain with certain people. Effective succession planning and talent retention nurtures those employees responsible for the organizations future vision, strategy and success. It assures a sequence of qualified, promotable people as the boomers move on. (Moskal, Planning for Succession, Baseline, October2008, iss. 89, pp. 12-14.) 6. Evaluate effectiveness Evaluation was based on the Donald Kirkpatrick pattern which examines four levels: customer satisfaction, program progress, effective placement and organisational results. Also the programmatic evaluation which examine the process against its stated mission, objectives, and activities. 5.2 Adel Elkholy for shipping: Adel Elkholy Company is one of the largest companies in Egypt. The total number of workers is about 800 employees. In a meeting with HR manager personally he explained briefly the program for succession he is implementing. The purpose of the program: This step to clarify why the company undergoing this program. So the whole departments could be involved and participate. The measurable objectives of the program: result must be measurable so they can measure the success of the program. Design a Competency model: A competency model was established to link the organisation core competencies to job competencies. A present competencies identification for success: in this step 2 categories are identified the exemplars and the fully successful performers. The way those competencies are measured: using high technological software. The competencies needed for success in the future: A scenario planning is conducted to discover the  competencies needed in the future. The way the organization assesses potential: using empowered individual potential assessment. Classify individuals by performance and potential: Using the performance/potential 9 grids Narrowing gaps: Preparing and evaluating individual development plans and activities. Evaluating results: It’s carried out by external consultant. Then the results are presented to the owner of the company. 6. Conclusion Although about one half of the companies do not have a succession plan as stated in Business Week: Last year, the National Association of Corporate Directors found that 42.4% of companies had no succession plan at all. The economic crisis has exacerbated this problem as resources have diminished. (The Art of Succession. by: Boyle, Matt, BusinessWeek, 5/11/2009, Issue 4130). But this does not mean that succession planning is not important for the survival of the organisation; moreover its importance is increasing year after year. Most of the organisations knew its importance even if they do not apply the plan. In my opinion, the previous examples show the importance of having a systematic succession planning and management program. That helps placing the right person in the right place at the right time. Having successors is not an easy job, if the SP Management Program is not aligned with the business strategies HR strategies; all stockholders are involved, top management giving full support and the use of proper approaches and tools. It became also mandatory than ever for organisations to plan for future leadership and development of all workers at all levels. At the same time, all the activities in the market became more and more complex. Many functions now require extensive skills and knowledge. 7. Recommendations For all the previous reasons mentioned in my report supported with real life cases, I strongly recommend leaders to understand that its critical to strengthen their talent pool through succession planning, professional development, job rotation and workforce planning. They need to identify potential talent and groom it. So, they must take proactive steps to plan for talent needs at all levels and implement programs designed to ensure that the right people are available for the right jobs in the right places and at the right time. References 1. (A 2009 tune up your firm’s succession planning. Dominic Cingoranelli. Journal of accounting march 2009). 2. (Palma, M 2009, ‘Succession Planning’, PA Times (American Society for Public Administration, March, vol.32, iss. 3, pp.10-11) 3. Rothwell, W. J., 2010. Effective Succession Planning. Fourth edition ed. New York: AMACOM American Management Association. 4. ( www.businessdictionary.com) 5. (Baldoni, J 2008, ‘Making a Success of Succession Planning’, CIO Insight) 6. (The art of succession, By: Boyle, Matt, BusinessWeek, 5/11/2009, Issue 4130) 7. (Chief learning officer magazine, The CLO Succession Plan, March 2008 issue) 8. (Moskal, Planning for Succession, Baseline, October2008, iss. 89, pp. 12-14.) 9. Harper W.Moulton and Arthur A. Fickel, Executive Development: Preparing For the 21st Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 29.